mysql代理、中间件技术
mysql代理、中间件技术
代理简介
名词
DB proxy 数据库中间件
功能
读写分离:读写分离导致处理速度迅速,一般情况下是主服务器进行写操作而从服务器进行读操作
负载均衡
支持数据的分片自动路由和聚合
本文主要围绕Mycat实现、且在完成MM-SS集群的条件下
实验步骤
1.配置五台虚拟机的域名解析(在之前完成的集群技术的条件下)
[root@mysql01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.70.33 master1
192.168.70.34 master2
192.168.70.35 slave1
192.168.70.36 slave2
192.168.70.37 mycat
2.在mycat机器上准备好jdk
根据上面提供的官方下载地址下载好解压
解压
[root@mysql05 ~]# tar -zxf jdk-8u221-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
软链接
[root@mysql05 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_221 /usr/local/java
配置环境变量
[root@mysql05 ~]# vim /etc/profile
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib.tools.jar
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH
[root@mysql05 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@mysql05 ~]# which java
/usr/local/java/bin/java
[root@mysql05 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_221"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_221-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.221-b11, mixed mode)
3.配置Mycat
[root@mysql05 ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.1/Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20200209222254-linux.tar.gz
解压
[root@mysql05 ~]# tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.6-release-20210730131311-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mysql05 ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
3.1 配置mycat前端
备份一下xml文件 以防我们修改错误
[root@mysql05 ~]# cp /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml .
[root@mysql05 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml
最下面 如下修改
3.2 配置mycat后端
同样备份一下schema文件
[root@mysql05 ~]# cp /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml .
[root@mysql05 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
balance为0:读写不分离
balance为1:读写分离
writeType=”0“,所有的写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost,第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost,重新启动后以切换后的为准
writeType=”1“,均衡发送到两个服务器上
switchType='-1' 表示不自动切换
switchType='1' 默认值,表示根据延时自动切换
switchType='2' 根据MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换,心跳语句为show slave status
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="mycatDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="mycatDB" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="master1" url="master1:3306" user="mycatproxy"
password="Xuxin_0709">
<readHost host="slave1" url="slave1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="Xuxin_0709" />
<readHost host="slave2" url="slave2:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="Xuxin_0709" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="master2" url="master2:3306" user="mycatproxy"
password="Xuxin_0709">
<readHost host="slave1" url="slave1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="Xuxin_0709" />
<readHost host="slave2" url="slave2:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="Xuxin_0709" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
4.配置mysql群
M-M-S-S 准备Mycat连接的用户及权限 (这里不要填详细ip 填域名mycat!)
在master1上
mysql> create user 'mycatproxy'@'mycat' identified by 'Xuxin_0709';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mycatproxy'@'mycat';
mysql> flush privileges;
5.启动Mycat
[root@mysql05 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
查看日志 看是否存在错误
[root@mysql05 logs]# tail -f /usr/local/mycat/logs/wrapper.log
如果看到如下错误
Startup failed: Timed out waiting for a signal from the JVM.
JVM did not exit on request, terminated
可以试试编辑wrapper.conf文件
vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/wrapper.conf
添加如下语句,增加启动时间
wrapper.startup.timeout=300
日志无异常的话查看端口 8066 表示已经成功启动mycat了
[root@mysql05 ~]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 949/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1366/master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:32000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10085/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 10085/java
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 1004/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::9066 :::* LISTEN 10085/java
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1004/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::40747 :::* LISTEN 10085/java
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 949/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1366/master
tcp6 0 0 :::37215 :::* LISTEN 10085/java
tcp6 0 0 :::1984 :::* LISTEN 10085/java
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 672/chronyd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 746/dhclient
udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 672/chronyd
6.安装mariadb(mysql客户端)
注意:如果已经安装mysql服务端 可以不安装mariadb 关闭mysql服务端即可。
yum install mariadb -y
7.登录mycat账号
[root@mysql05 ~]# mysql -hmycat -uroot -p'Xuxin_0709' -P8066;
mysql> show databases; //虚拟的数据库 先不要在此数据库做任何操作!
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| mycatDB |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
8.先去集群创建mycatDB和表(master1)
mysql> create database mycatDB;
mysql> create table mycatDB.t1(id int(10));
mysql> insert into mycatDB.t1 values(1);
9.再回到mycat机器 (如果执行sql语句卡住,试着检查授权问题,配置文件是否正确)
MySQL [(none)]> use mycatDB;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MySQL [mycatDB]> select * from mycatDB.t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)