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一个简单的 rust 项目 使用 bevy 引擎 复刻 Flappy Bird 小游戏

2023-04-24 15:45 由 贤云曳贺 发表于 #后端开发

Rust + Bevy 实现的 Flappy Bird 游戏

简介

一个使用 bevy 引擎复刻的 Flappy Bird 经典小游戏。
通过该项目我们可以学到：bevy 的自定义组件，自定义插件，自定义资源，sprite 的旋转，sprite 的移动，sprite sheet 动画的定义使用，状态管理，等内容…

简单介绍一下包含的内容：

  • 游戏状态管理 Menu、InGame、Paused、GameOver。
  • 小鸟碰撞检测。
  • 地面移动。
  • 小鸟飞翔动画。
  • 小鸟飞行方向变化。
  • 小鸟重力系统。
  • 障碍物随机生成。

通过空格向上飞行。
按 P 暂停游戏，按 R 恢复游戏。

代码结构

·
├── assets/
│   ├──audios/
│   ├──fonts/
│   └──images/
├── src/
│   ├── components.rs
│   ├── constants.rs
│   ├── main.rs
│   ├── obstacle.rs
│   ├── player.rs
│   ├── resource.rs
│   └── state.rs
├── Cargo.lock
└── Cargo.toml
  • assets/audios 声音资源文件。
  • assets/fonts 字体资源文件。
  • assets/images 图片资源文件。
  • components.rs 游戏组件定义。
  • constants.rs 负责存储游戏中用到的常量。
  • main.rs 负责游戏的逻辑、插件交互、等内容。
  • obstacle.rs 障碍物生成、初始化。
  • player.rs 玩家角色插件，生成、移动、键盘处理的实现。
  • resource.rs 游戏资源定义。
  • state.rs 游戏状态管理。

components.rs

use bevy::{
    prelude::Component,
    time::{Timer, TimerMode},
};

/// 玩家组件
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct Player;

/// 玩家动画播放计时器
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct PlayerAnimationTimer(pub Timer);

impl Default for PlayerAnimationTimer {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self(Timer::from_seconds(0.1, TimerMode::Repeating))
    }
}

/// 障碍物组件
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct Obstacle;

/// 移动组件
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct Movable {
    /// 移动时是否需要旋转
    pub need_rotation: bool,
}

impl Default for Movable {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            need_rotation: false,
        }
    }
}

/// 速度组件
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct Velocity {
    pub x: f32,
    pub y: f32,
}

impl Default for Velocity {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self { x: 0., y: 0. }
    }
}

/// 分数显示组件
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct DisplayScore;

/// 菜单显示组件
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct DisplayMenu;

/// 地面组件
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct Ground(pub f32);

/// 游戏结束组件
#[derive(Component)]
pub struct DisplayGameOver;

constants.rs

/// 小鸟图片路径
pub const BIRD_IMG_PATH: &str = "images/bird_columns.png";
/// 小鸟图片大小
pub const BIRD_IMG_SIZE: (f32, f32) = (34., 24.);
/// 小鸟动画帧数
pub const BIRD_ANIMATION_LEN: usize = 3;

pub const WINDOW_WIDTH: f32 = 576.;
pub const WINDOW_HEIGHT: f32 = 624.;

/// 背景图片路径
pub const BACKGROUND_IMG_PATH: &str = "images/background.png";
/// 背景图片大小
pub const BACKGROUND_IMG_SIZE: (f32, f32) = (288., 512.);
/// 地面图片路径
pub const GROUND_IMG_PATH: &str = "images/ground.png";
/// 地面图片大小
pub const GROUND_IMG_SIZE: (f32, f32) = (336., 112.);
/// 一个单位地面的大小
pub const GROUND_ITEM_SIZE: f32 = 48.;
/// 管道图片路径
pub const PIPE_IMG_PATH: &str = "images/pipe.png";
/// 管道图片大小
pub const PIPE_IMG_SIZE: (f32, f32) = (52., 320.);
/// 飞翔声音路径
pub const FLAY_AUDIO_PATH: &str = "audios/wing.ogg";
/// 得分声音
pub const POINT_AUDIO_PATH: &str = "audios/point.ogg";
/// 死亡声音
pub const DIE_AUDIO_PATH: &str = "audios/die.ogg";
/// 被撞击声音
pub const HIT_AUDIO_PATH: &str = "audios/hit.ogg";
/// kenney future 字体路径
pub const KENNEY_FUTURE_FONT_PATH: &str = "fonts/KenneyFuture.ttf";

/// x 轴前进速度
pub const SPAWN_OBSTACLE_TICK: f32 = 4.;
/// x 轴前进速度
pub const PLAYER_X_MAX_VELOCITY: f32 = 48.;
/// y 轴最大上升速度
pub const PLAYER_Y_MAX_UP_VELOCITY: f32 = 20.;
/// y 轴每次上升像素
pub const PLAYER_Y_UP_PIXEL: f32 = 10.;
/// y 轴最大下落速度
pub const PLAYER_Y_MAX_VELOCITY: f32 = 200.;
/// y 轴下落加速度，每秒增加
pub const GRAVITY_VELOCITY: f32 = 80.;
/// 步长 (帧数)
pub const TIME_STEP: f32 = 1. / 60.;

/// 最大通过空间
pub const GAP_MAX: f32 = 300.;
/// 最小通过空间
pub const GAP_MIN: f32 = 50.;

main.rs

use bevy::{
    prelude::*,
    sprite::collide_aabb::collide,
    window::{Window, WindowPlugin, WindowPosition},
};
use obstacle::ObstaclePlugin;

use components::{DisplayScore, Ground, Movable, Obstacle, Player, PlayerAnimationTimer, Velocity};
use constants::*;
use player::PlayerPlugin;
use resource::{GameData, StaticAssets, WinSize};
use state::{GameState, StatesPlugin};

mod components;
mod constants;
mod obstacle;
mod player;
mod resource;
mod state;

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_state::<GameState>()
        .insert_resource(ClearColor(Color::rgb_u8(205, 201, 201)))
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins.set(WindowPlugin {
            primary_window: Some(Window {
                title: "Flappy Bird".to_owned(),
                resolution: (WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT).into(),
                position: WindowPosition::At(IVec2::new(2282, 0)),
                resizable: false,
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            ..Default::default()
        }))
        .add_system(system_startup.on_startup())
        .add_plugin(StatesPlugin)
        .add_plugin(PlayerPlugin)
        .add_plugin(ObstaclePlugin)
        .add_systems(
            (
                score_display_update_system,
                player_animation_system,
                player_score_system,
                movable_system,
                ground_move_system,
                player_collision_check_system,
            )
                .in_set(OnUpdate(GameState::InGame)),
        )
        .add_system(bevy::window::close_on_esc)
        .run();
}

/// 玩家碰撞检测系统
fn player_collision_check_system(
    win_size: Res<WinSize>,
    static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>,
    audio_player: Res<Audio>,
    mut next_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
    obstacle_query: Query<(Entity, &Transform), With<Obstacle>>,
    player_query: Query<(Entity, &Transform), With<Player>>,
) {
    let player_result = player_query.get_single();
    match player_result {
        Ok((_, player_tf)) => {
            let mut is_collision = false;
            // 先进行边缘碰撞检测
            if player_tf.translation.y >= win_size.height / 2.
                || player_tf.translation.y <= -(win_size.height / 2. - GROUND_IMG_SIZE.1)
            {
                is_collision = true;
            }

            for (_, obstacle_tf) in obstacle_query.iter() {
                let collision = collide(
                    player_tf.translation,
                    Vec2 {
                        x: BIRD_IMG_SIZE.0,
                        y: BIRD_IMG_SIZE.1,
                    },
                    obstacle_tf.translation,
                    Vec2 {
                        x: PIPE_IMG_SIZE.0,
                        y: PIPE_IMG_SIZE.1,
                    },
                );
                if let Some(_) = collision {
                    is_collision = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            // 判断是否已经发生碰撞
            if is_collision {
                // 增加得分并播放声音
                audio_player.play(static_assets.hit_audio.clone());
                audio_player.play(static_assets.die_audio.clone());
                next_state.set(GameState::GameOver);
            }
        }
        _ => (),
    }
}

/// 玩家得分检测
fn player_score_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut game_data: ResMut<GameData>,
    static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>,
    audio_player: Res<Audio>,
    obstacle_query: Query<(Entity, &Transform), With<Obstacle>>,
    player_query: Query<(Entity, &Transform), With<Player>>,
) {
    let player_result = player_query.get_single();
    match player_result {
        Ok((_, player_tf)) => {
            let mut need_add_score = false;
            for (entity, obstacle_tf) in obstacle_query.iter() {
                // 鸟的 尾巴通过管道的右边缘
                if player_tf.translation.x - BIRD_IMG_SIZE.0 / 2.
                    > obstacle_tf.translation.x + PIPE_IMG_SIZE.0 / 2.
                {
                    // 通过的话，将需要得分记为 true 并销毁管道
                    need_add_score = true;
                    commands.entity(entity).despawn();
                }
            }
            // 判断是否需要增加得分
            if need_add_score {
                // 增加得分并播放声音
                game_data.add_score();
                audio_player.play(static_assets.point_audio.clone());
            }
        }
        _ => (),
    }
}

/// 移动系统
///
/// * 不考虑正负值，只做加法，需要具体的实体通过移动的方向自行考虑正负值
fn movable_system(
    mut query: Query<(&mut Transform, &Velocity, &Movable), (With<Movable>, With<Velocity>)>,
) {
    for (mut transform, velocity, movable) in query.iter_mut() {
        let x = velocity.x * TIME_STEP;
        let y = velocity.y * TIME_STEP;
        transform.translation.x += x;
        transform.translation.y += y;
        // 判断是否需要旋转
        if movable.need_rotation {
            if velocity.y > 0. {
                transform.rotation = Quat::from_rotation_z(velocity.y / PLAYER_Y_MAX_UP_VELOCITY);
            } else {
                transform.rotation = Quat::from_rotation_z(velocity.y / PLAYER_Y_MAX_VELOCITY);
            };
        }
    }
}

/// 地面移动组件
fn ground_move_system(mut query: Query<(&mut Transform, &mut Ground)>) {
    let result = query.get_single_mut();
    match result {
        Ok((mut transform, mut ground)) => {
            ground.0 += 1.;
            transform.translation.x = -ground.0;
            ground.0 = ground.0 % GROUND_ITEM_SIZE;
        }
        _ => (),
    }
}

/// 角色动画系统
fn player_animation_system(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut query: Query<(&mut PlayerAnimationTimer, &mut TextureAtlasSprite)>,
) {
    for (mut timer, mut texture_atlas_sprite) in query.iter_mut() {
        timer.0.tick(time.delta());
        if timer.0.just_finished() {
            let next_index = (texture_atlas_sprite.index + 1) % BIRD_ANIMATION_LEN;
            texture_atlas_sprite.index = next_index;
        }
    }
}

/// 分数更新系统
fn score_display_update_system(
    game_data: Res<GameData>,
    mut query: Query<&mut Text, With<DisplayScore>>,
) {
    for mut text in &mut query {
        text.sections[1].value = game_data.get_score().to_string();
    }
}

fn system_startup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
    mut texture_atlases: ResMut<Assets<TextureAtlas>>,
    windows: Query<&Window>,
) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());

    let game_data = GameData::new();
    commands.insert_resource(game_data);

    let window = windows.single();
    let (window_w, window_h) = (window.width(), window.height());
    let win_size = WinSize {
        width: window_w,
        height: window_h,
    };
    commands.insert_resource(win_size);

    let player_handle = asset_server.load(BIRD_IMG_PATH);

    // 将 player_handle 加载的图片，用 BIRD_IMG_SIZE 的大小，按照 1 列，3 行，切图。
    let texture_atlas =
        TextureAtlas::from_grid(player_handle, Vec2::from(BIRD_IMG_SIZE), 1, 3, None, None);
    let player = texture_atlases.add(texture_atlas);

    let background = asset_server.load(BACKGROUND_IMG_PATH);
    let pipe = asset_server.load(PIPE_IMG_PATH);
    let ground = asset_server.load(GROUND_IMG_PATH);
    let fly_audio = asset_server.load(FLAY_AUDIO_PATH);
    let die_audio = asset_server.load(DIE_AUDIO_PATH);
    let point_audio = asset_server.load(POINT_AUDIO_PATH);
    let hit_audio = asset_server.load(HIT_AUDIO_PATH);
    let kenney_future_font = asset_server.load(KENNEY_FUTURE_FONT_PATH);

    let static_assets = StaticAssets {
        player,
        background,
        pipe,
        ground,
        fly_audio,
        die_audio,
        point_audio,
        hit_audio,
        kenney_future_font,
    };
    commands.insert_resource(static_assets);

    let (background_w, background_h) = BACKGROUND_IMG_SIZE;
    let (ground_w, ground_h) = GROUND_IMG_SIZE;
    commands.spawn(SpriteBundle {
        texture: asset_server.load(BACKGROUND_IMG_PATH),
        sprite: Sprite {
            custom_size: Some(Vec2 {
                x: background_w * 2.,
                y: background_h,
            }),
            ..Default::default()
        },
        transform: Transform {
            translation: Vec3 {
                x: 0.,
                y: ground_h / 2.,
                z: 1.,
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        ..Default::default()
    });

    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            texture: asset_server.load(GROUND_IMG_PATH),
            sprite: Sprite {
                custom_size: Some(Vec2 {
                    x: ground_w * 2.,
                    y: ground_h,
                }),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3 {
                    x: 0.,
                    y: window_h / 2. - background_h - ground_h / 2.,
                    z: 4.,
                },
                ..Default::default()
            },

            ..Default::default()
        },
        Ground(GROUND_ITEM_SIZE),
    ));
}

obstacle.rs

use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
use std::time::Duration;

use crate::{
    components::{Movable, Obstacle, Velocity},
    constants::{
        BACKGROUND_IMG_SIZE, GAP_MAX, GAP_MIN, GROUND_IMG_SIZE, PIPE_IMG_SIZE,
        PLAYER_X_MAX_VELOCITY, SPAWN_OBSTACLE_TICK,
    },
    resource::{GameData, StaticAssets, WinSize},
    state::GameState,
};

use bevy::{
    prelude::{
        Commands, IntoSystemAppConfig, IntoSystemConfig, OnEnter, OnUpdate, Plugin, Res, Transform,
        Vec3,
    },
    sprite::{Sprite, SpriteBundle},
    time::common_conditions::on_timer,
};

/// 障碍物插件
pub struct ObstaclePlugin;

impl Plugin for ObstaclePlugin {
    fn build(&self, app: &mut bevy::prelude::App) {
        app.add_system(obstacle_init_system.in_schedule(OnEnter(GameState::InGame)))
            .add_system(
                spawn_obstacle_system
                    .in_set(OnUpdate(GameState::InGame))
                    .run_if(on_timer(Duration::from_secs_f32(SPAWN_OBSTACLE_TICK))),
            );
    }
}

/// 障碍物初始化
fn obstacle_init_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>,
    win_size: Res<WinSize>,
    game_data: Res<GameData>,
) {
    let mut rng = thread_rng();
    // 初始 x 坐标
    let x = win_size.width / 2. + PIPE_IMG_SIZE.0 / 2.;
    // 初始化 管道区域的中心点。因为要排除地面的高度
    let center_y = (win_size.height - BACKGROUND_IMG_SIZE.1) / 2.;
    // 定义合理范围
    let reasonable_y_max = win_size.height / 2. - 100.;
    let reasonable_y_min = -(win_size.height / 2. - 100. - GROUND_IMG_SIZE.1);

    let size = SPAWN_OBSTACLE_TICK * PLAYER_X_MAX_VELOCITY;

    for i in 0..2 {
        let x = x - PIPE_IMG_SIZE.0 - size * i as f32;
        // y轴 随机中心点
        // 随机可通过区域的中心点
        let point_y = rng.gen_range(reasonable_y_min..reasonable_y_max);
        let half_distance = (center_y - point_y).abs() / 2.;

        // 获取得分 ， 并根据得分获取一个随机的可通过区域的大小
        let score = game_data.get_score();
        let max = GAP_MAX - score as f32 / 10.;
        // 不让 max 小于最小值
        // 这里也可以做些其他的判断。改变下别的数据。比如说 让管道的移动速度变快！
        let max = max.max(GAP_MIN);
        let min = GAP_MIN;
        let gap = rng.gen_range(min.min(max)..min.max(max));
        let rand_half_gap = gap * rng.gen_range(0.3..0.7);
        // 通过中心点，可通过区域，以及管道的高来计算 上下两个管道各自中心点的 y 坐标
        let half_pipe = PIPE_IMG_SIZE.1 / 2.;
        let pipe_upper = center_y + half_distance + (rand_half_gap + half_pipe);
        let pipe_down = center_y - half_distance - (gap - rand_half_gap + half_pipe);

        // 下方水管
        commands.spawn((
            SpriteBundle {
                texture: static_assets.pipe.clone(),
                transform: Transform {
                    translation: Vec3 {
                        x,
                        y: pipe_down,
                        z: 2.,
                    },
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                ..Default::default()
            },
            Velocity {
                x: -PLAYER_X_MAX_VELOCITY,
                y: 0.,
            },
            Movable {
                need_rotation: false,
            },
            Obstacle,
        ));

        // 上方水管
        commands.spawn((
            SpriteBundle {
                texture: static_assets.pipe.clone(),
                transform: Transform {
                    translation: Vec3 {
                        x,
                        y: pipe_upper,
                        z: 2.,
                    },
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                sprite: Sprite {
                    flip_y: true,
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                ..Default::default()
            },
            Velocity {
                x: -PLAYER_X_MAX_VELOCITY,
                y: 0.,
            },
            Movable {
                need_rotation: false,
            },
            Obstacle,
        ));
    }
}

fn spawn_obstacle_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>,
    win_size: Res<WinSize>,
    game_data: Res<GameData>,
) {
    let mut rng = thread_rng();
    // 初始 x 坐标
    let x = win_size.width / 2. + PIPE_IMG_SIZE.0 / 2.;
    // 初始化 管道区域的中心点。因为要排除地面的高度
    let center_y = (win_size.height - BACKGROUND_IMG_SIZE.1) / 2.;

    // y轴 随机中心点
    // 定义合理范围
    let reasonable_y_max = win_size.height / 2. - 100.;
    let reasonable_y_min = -(win_size.height / 2. - 100. - GROUND_IMG_SIZE.1);
    // 随机可通过区域的中心点
    let point_y = rng.gen_range(reasonable_y_min..reasonable_y_max);
    let half_distance = (center_y - point_y).abs() / 2.;

    // 获取得分 ， 并根据得分获取一个随机的可通过区域的大小
    let score = game_data.get_score();
    let max = GAP_MAX - score as f32 / 10.;
    // 不让 max 小于最小值
    // 这里也可以做些其他的判断。改变下别的数据。比如说 让管道的移动速度变快！
    let max = max.max(GAP_MIN);
    let min = GAP_MIN;
    let gap = rng.gen_range(min.min(max)..min.max(max));
    let rand_half_gap = gap * rng.gen_range(0.3..0.7);
    // 通过中心点，可通过区域，以及管道的高来计算 上下两个管道各自中心点的 y 坐标
    let half_pipe = PIPE_IMG_SIZE.1 / 2.;
    let pipe_upper = center_y + half_distance + (rand_half_gap + half_pipe);
    let pipe_down = center_y - half_distance - (gap - rand_half_gap + half_pipe);

    // 下方水管
    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            texture: static_assets.pipe.clone(),
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3 {
                    x,
                    y: pipe_down,
                    z: 2.,
                },
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        Velocity {
            x: -PLAYER_X_MAX_VELOCITY,
            y: 0.,
        },
        Movable {
            need_rotation: false,
        },
        Obstacle,
    ));

    // 上方水管
    commands.spawn((
        SpriteBundle {
            texture: static_assets.pipe.clone(),
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3 {
                    x,
                    y: pipe_upper,
                    z: 2.,
                },
                ..Default::default()
            },
            sprite: Sprite {
                flip_y: true,
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        Velocity {
            x: -PLAYER_X_MAX_VELOCITY,
            y: 0.,
        },
        Movable {
            need_rotation: false,
        },
        Obstacle,
    ));
}

player.rs

use bevy::{
    prelude::{
        Audio, Commands, Input, IntoSystemAppConfig, KeyCode, OnEnter, Plugin, Query, Res, ResMut,
        Transform, Vec3, With,
    },
    sprite::{SpriteSheetBundle, TextureAtlasSprite},
    time::{Timer, TimerMode},
};

use crate::{
    components::{Movable, Player, PlayerAnimationTimer, Velocity},
    constants::{
        GRAVITY_VELOCITY, PLAYER_Y_MAX_UP_VELOCITY, PLAYER_Y_MAX_VELOCITY, PLAYER_Y_UP_PIXEL,
        TIME_STEP,
    },
    resource::{GameData, StaticAssets, WinSize},
    state::GameState,
};

pub struct PlayerPlugin;

impl Plugin for PlayerPlugin {
    fn build(&self, app: &mut bevy::prelude::App) {
        app.add_systems((
            input_key_system,
            bird_automatic_system,
            spawn_bird_system.in_schedule(OnEnter(GameState::InGame)),
        ));
    }
}

/// 产生玩家
fn spawn_bird_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    win_size: Res<WinSize>,
    static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>,
    mut game_data: ResMut<GameData>,
) {
    if !game_data.player_alive() {
        let bird = static_assets.player.clone();
        let (x, y) = (-win_size.width / 3. / 2., win_size.height / 2. / 3.);
        commands.spawn((
            SpriteSheetBundle {
                texture_atlas: bird,
                transform: Transform {
                    translation: Vec3 { x, y, z: 2. },
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                sprite: TextureAtlasSprite::new(0),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            Player,
            Velocity { x: 0., y: 0. },
            Movable {
                need_rotation: true,
            },
            PlayerAnimationTimer(Timer::from_seconds(0.2, TimerMode::Repeating)),
        ));
        game_data.alive();
    }
}

/// 游戏中键盘事件系统
fn input_key_system(
    kb: Res<Input<KeyCode>>,
    static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>,
    audio_player: Res<Audio>,
    mut query: Query<(&mut Velocity, &mut Transform), With<Player>>,
) {
    if kb.just_released(KeyCode::Space) {
        let vt = query.get_single_mut();
        // 松开空格后，直接向上20像素，并且给一个向上的速度。
        match vt {
            Ok((mut velocity, mut transform)) => {
                transform.translation.y += PLAYER_Y_UP_PIXEL;
                velocity.y = PLAYER_Y_MAX_UP_VELOCITY;
            }
            _ => (),
        }
        audio_player.play(static_assets.fly_audio.clone());
    }
}

/// 小鸟重力系统
fn bird_automatic_system(mut query: Query<&mut Velocity, (With<Player>, With<Movable>)>) {
    for mut velocity in query.iter_mut() {
        velocity.y = velocity.y - GRAVITY_VELOCITY * TIME_STEP;
        if velocity.y < -PLAYER_Y_MAX_VELOCITY {
            velocity.y = -PLAYER_Y_MAX_VELOCITY;
        }
    }
}

resource.rs

use bevy::{
    prelude::{AudioSource, Handle, Image, Resource},
    sprite::TextureAtlas,
    text::Font,
};

/// 游戏数据资源
#[derive(Resource)]
pub struct GameData {
    score: u8,
    alive: bool,
}
impl GameData {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            score: 0,
            alive: false,
        }
    }

    pub fn alive(&mut self) {
        self.alive = true;
    }

    pub fn death(&mut self) {
        self.alive = false;
        self.score = 0;
    }

    pub fn get_score(&self) -> u8 {
        self.score
    }

    pub fn add_score(&mut self) {
        self.score += 1;
    }

    pub fn player_alive(&self) -> bool {
        self.alive
    }
}

/// 窗口大小资源
#[derive(Resource)]
pub struct WinSize {
    pub width: f32,
    pub height: f32,
}

/// 静态资源
#[derive(Resource)]
pub struct StaticAssets {
    /* 图片 */
    /// 玩家动画
    pub player: Handle<TextureAtlas>,
    /// 管道图片
    pub pipe: Handle<Image>,
    /// 背景图片
    pub background: Handle<Image>,
    /// 地面图片
    pub ground: Handle<Image>,

    /* 声音 */
    /// 飞行声音
    pub fly_audio: Handle<AudioSource>,
    /// 死亡声音
    pub die_audio: Handle<AudioSource>,
    /// 得分声音
    pub point_audio: Handle<AudioSource>,
    /// 被撞击声音
    pub hit_audio: Handle<AudioSource>,

    /* 字体 */
    /// 游戏字体
    pub kenney_future_font: Handle<Font>,
}

state.rs

use bevy::{
    prelude::{
        Color, Commands, Entity, Input, IntoSystemAppConfig, IntoSystemConfig, KeyCode, NextState,
        OnEnter, OnExit, OnUpdate, Plugin, Query, Res, ResMut, States, Transform, Vec3, With,
    },
    text::{Text, Text2dBundle, TextAlignment, TextSection, TextStyle},
};

use crate::{
    components::{DisplayGameOver, DisplayMenu, DisplayScore, Obstacle, Player},
    constants::GROUND_IMG_SIZE,
    resource::{GameData, StaticAssets, WinSize},
};

#[derive(Debug, Default, States, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
pub enum GameState {
    #[default]
    Menu,
    InGame,
    Paused,
    GameOver,
}

pub struct StatesPlugin;

impl Plugin for StatesPlugin {
    fn build(&self, app: &mut bevy::prelude::App) {
        app
            //菜单状态
            .add_system(menu_display_system.in_schedule(OnEnter(GameState::Menu)))
            .add_system(enter_game_system.in_set(OnUpdate(GameState::Menu)))
            .add_system(exit_menu.in_schedule(OnExit(GameState::Menu)))
            // 暂停状态
            .add_system(enter_paused_system.in_schedule(OnEnter(GameState::Paused)))
            .add_system(paused_input_system.in_set(OnUpdate(GameState::Paused)))
            .add_system(paused_exit_system.in_schedule(OnExit(GameState::Paused)))
            // 游戏中状态
            .add_system(in_game_display_system.in_schedule(OnEnter(GameState::InGame)))
            .add_system(in_game_input_system.in_set(OnUpdate(GameState::InGame)))
            .add_system(exit_game_system.in_schedule(OnExit(GameState::InGame)))
            // 游戏结束状态
            .add_system(game_over_enter_system.in_schedule(OnEnter(GameState::GameOver)))
            .add_system(in_game_over_system.in_set(OnUpdate(GameState::GameOver)))
            .add_system(game_over_exit_system.in_schedule(OnExit(GameState::GameOver)));
    }
}

//// 进入菜单页面
fn menu_display_system(mut commands: Commands, static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>) {
    let font = static_assets.kenney_future_font.clone();
    let common_style = TextStyle {
        font: font.clone(),
        font_size: 32.,
        color: Color::BLUE,
        ..Default::default()
    };
    let special_style = TextStyle {
        font: font.clone(),
        font_size: 38.,
        color: Color::RED,
        ..Default::default()
    };

    let align = TextAlignment::Center;
    commands.spawn((
        Text2dBundle {
            text: Text::from_sections(vec![
                TextSection::new("PRESS \r\n".to_owned(), common_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new(" SPACE \r\n".to_owned(), special_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new("START GAME!\r\n".to_owned(), common_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new(" P \r\n".to_owned(), special_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new("PAUSED GAME!\r\n".to_owned(), common_style.clone()),
            ])
            .with_alignment(align),
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(0., 0., 4.),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        DisplayMenu,
    ));
}

//// 进入游戏显示系统
fn in_game_display_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    win_size: Res<WinSize>,
    static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>,
) {
    let font = static_assets.kenney_future_font.clone();
    let common_style = TextStyle {
        font: font.clone(),
        font_size: 32.,
        color: Color::BLUE,
        ..Default::default()
    };
    let special_style = TextStyle {
        font: font.clone(),
        font_size: 38.,
        color: Color::RED,
        ..Default::default()
    };
    let y = -(win_size.height / 2. - GROUND_IMG_SIZE.1 + special_style.font_size * 1.5);
    let align = TextAlignment::Center;
    commands.spawn((
        Text2dBundle {
            text: Text::from_sections(vec![
                TextSection::new("SCORE: ".to_owned(), common_style),
                TextSection::new("0".to_owned(), special_style),
            ])
            .with_alignment(align),
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(0., y, 6.),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        DisplayScore,
    ));
}

/// 进入游戏
fn enter_game_system(kb: Res<Input<KeyCode>>, mut state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>) {
    if kb.just_released(KeyCode::Space) {
        state.set(GameState::InGame)
    }
}

/// 退出游戏
fn exit_game_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    query: Query<Entity, (With<Text>, With<DisplayScore>)>,
) {
    for entity in query.iter() {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn();
    }
}
/// 退出菜单
fn exit_menu(mut commands: Commands, query: Query<Entity, (With<Text>, With<DisplayMenu>)>) {
    for entity in query.iter() {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn();
    }
}

/// 进入暂停状态下运行的系统
pub fn enter_paused_system(mut commands: Commands, static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>) {
    // 字体引入
    let font = static_assets.kenney_future_font.clone();
    let common_style = TextStyle {
        font: font.clone(),
        font_size: 32.,
        color: Color::BLUE,
        ..Default::default()
    };
    let special_style = TextStyle {
        font: font.clone(),
        font_size: 38.,
        color: Color::RED,
        ..Default::default()
    };

    let align = TextAlignment::Center;
    commands.spawn((
        Text2dBundle {
            text: Text::from_sections(vec![
                TextSection::new("PAUSED  \r\n".to_owned(), common_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new(" R \r\n".to_owned(), special_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new("RETURN GAME!".to_owned(), common_style.clone()),
            ])
            .with_alignment(align),
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(0., 0., 4.),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        DisplayMenu,
    ));
}

/// 暂停状态状态下的键盘监听系统
pub fn paused_input_system(kb: Res<Input<KeyCode>>, mut next_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>) {
    if kb.pressed(KeyCode::R) {
        next_state.set(GameState::InGame);
    }
}

/// 退出暂停状态时执行的系统
pub fn paused_exit_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    query: Query<Entity, (With<Text>, With<DisplayMenu>)>,
) {
    for entity in query.iter() {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn();
    }
}

/// 游戏中监听暂停
pub fn in_game_input_system(kb: Res<Input<KeyCode>>, mut next_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>) {
    if kb.pressed(KeyCode::P) {
        next_state.set(GameState::Paused);
    }
}

/// 游戏结束状态下运行的系统
pub fn game_over_enter_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    game_data: Res<GameData>,
    static_assets: Res<StaticAssets>,
) {
    // 字体引入
    let font = static_assets.kenney_future_font.clone();
    let common_style = TextStyle {
        font: font.clone(),
        font_size: 32.,
        color: Color::BLUE,
        ..Default::default()
    };
    let special_style = TextStyle {
        font: font.clone(),
        font_size: 38.,
        color: Color::RED,
        ..Default::default()
    };

    let align = TextAlignment::Center;
    commands.spawn((
        Text2dBundle {
            text: Text::from_sections(vec![
                TextSection::new(
                    "GAME OVER !  \r\n You got ".to_owned(),
                    common_style.clone(),
                ),
                TextSection::new(game_data.get_score().to_string(), special_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new(" score. \r\n  ".to_owned(), common_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new("SPACE ".to_owned(), special_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new("RESTART GAME! \r\n".to_owned(), common_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new("M ".to_owned(), special_style.clone()),
                TextSection::new("TO MENU".to_owned(), common_style.clone()),
            ])
            .with_alignment(align),
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(0., 80., 4.),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        DisplayGameOver,
    ));
}

/// 退出游戏状态时执行的系统
pub fn game_over_exit_system(
    mut commands: Commands,
    query: Query<Entity, (With<Text>, With<DisplayGameOver>)>,
    obstacle_query: Query<Entity, With<Obstacle>>,
    player_query: Query<Entity, With<Player>>,
) {
    for entity in query.iter() {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn();
    }
    for entity in obstacle_query.iter() {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn();
    }
    for entity in player_query.iter() {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn();
    }
}

/// 退出游戏状态监听
pub fn in_game_over_system(
    kb: Res<Input<KeyCode>>,
    mut game_data: ResMut<GameData>,
    mut next_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
) {
    game_data.death();
    if kb.pressed(KeyCode::M) {
        next_state.set(GameState::Menu);
    } else if kb.pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
        next_state.set(GameState::InGame);
    }
}

Cargo.toml

[package]
name = "flappy_bird_bevy"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]
bevy = { version = "0.10.1" }
rand = "0.8.5"

[workspace]
resolver = "2"

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