【日常收支账本】【Day03】完成编辑账本界面的新增动账记录功能——通过ElementTree加XPath实现
一、项目地址
https://github.com/LinFeng-BingYi/DailyAccountBook
二、新增
1. 解析xml文件
1.1 功能详述
解析所设计的xml文件格式，并将所得数据存入变量。
→→→点击查看xml格式←←←
<DailyAccountBook>
<balance>
<fund>
<value>5000.00</value>
<category>0</category>
<fundName>微信零钱</fundName>
</fund>
<fund>
<value>999.00</value>
<category>1</category>
<fundName>中国银行卡</fundName>
</fund>
<fund>
<value>90.00</value>
<category>2</category>
<fundName>羊城通</fundName>
</fund>
<fund>
<value>1700.07</value>
<category>3</category>
<fundName>支付宝余额宝</fundName>
</fund>
<fund>
<value>5000.00</value>
<category>4</category>
<fundName>代管存款</fundName>
</fund>
</balance>
<year value="2023">
<month value="09">
<day value="11">
<expenses>
<expense necessity="True" associatedFund="None">
<value>5.00</value>
<category>1</category>
<detail>地铁</detail>
<describe>早上上班。羊城通卡余额=100-5=95元</describe>
<from>2</from>
</expense>
<expense necessity="True" associatedFund="None">
<value>5.00</value>
<category>1</category>
<detail>地铁</detail>
<describe>晚上下班。羊城通卡余额=95-5=90元</describe>
<from>2</from>
</expense>
<expense necessity="False" associatedFund="None">
<value>1.00</value>
<category>12</category>
<detail>业务手续费</detail>
<describe>微信零钱提现1000的手续费</describe>
<from>0</from>
</expense>
</expenses>
<incomes>
<income associatedFund="4">
<value>3000.00</value>
<category>5</category>
<!-->代管存款的收支，应属于“非本人相关”类别<-->
<detail>转账</detail>
<describe>托管人转给本人3000，帮忙存放。本人微信零钱余额=3000+3000=6000元；同时代管存款余额=2000+3000=5000元</describe>
<to>0</to>
</income>
<income associatedFund="None">
<value>0.07</value>
<category>2</category>
<detail>理财</detail>
<describe>昨日余额宝收益。余额=1700+0.07=1700.07</describe>
<to>3</to>
</income>
</incomes>
<movements>
<!-->存款账户之间的资金转移不记录在收支变化量中，仅修改账户余额。由于两个账户余额一增一减，而总量不变，记录下来反而影响个人收支统计<-->
<movement>
<value>999.00</value>
<detail>提现</detail>
<describe>从微信零钱向中国银行卡提现1000元。完成后微信零钱余额=6000-999-1=5000；中国银行卡余额=0+999=999；被收取0.1%的手续费</describe>
<from>0</from>
<to>1</to>
</movement>
</movements>
<variation>
<fund>
<category>0</category>
<out>1.00</out>
<in>3000.00</in>
</fund>
<fund>
<category>1</category>
<out>0.00</out>
<in>0.00</in>
</fund>
<fund>
<category>2</category>
<out>10.00</out>
<in>0.00</in>
</fund>
<fund>
<category>3</category>
<out>0.00</out>
<in>0.07</in>
</fund>
<fund>
<category>4</category>
<out>0.00</out>
<in>3000.00</in>
</fund>
</variation>
</day>
</month>
</year>
</DailyAccountBook>
解析目的：
- 将
balance元素中各项fund子元素存入列表，列表中每一项都是一个代表fund元素的字典； - 将对应日期的
day元素中各种动账类型记录集合存入字典，该字典内容格式如下：
day_dict = {
'expenses': [expense_dict1, expense_dict2, ...],
'incomes': [income_dict1, ...],
'movements': [movement_dict1, ...],
'variation': [fund_dict1, ...]
}
1.2 代码实现
解析balance元素：
def parseBalance(self):
e_balance = self.e_dailyAccountBook.find(".//balance")
balance_list = []
for e_fund in list(e_balance):
balance_dict = {"value": float(e_fund.find('.//value').text),
"category": int(e_fund.find('.//category').text),
"fundName": e_fund.find('.//fundName').text}
balance_list.append(balance_dict)
return balance_list
解析day元素：
def getSpecificDateElement(self, date_str):
"""
Describe: 根据日期字符串获取指定的day元素
Args:
date_str: str
格式为"yyyyMMdd"
Returns:
若找到指定日期的元素，则返回Element类型的day元素.
若未找到指定year，则返回int类型的0；若未找到指定month，则返回int类型的1；若未找到指定day，则返回int类型的2。
int型返回值用于控制从何处开始初始化日期元素。
"""
e_year = self.e_dailyAccountBook.find(".//year[@value='{}']".format(date_str[:4]))
if e_year is None:
return 0
e_month = e_year.find(".//month[@value='{}']".format(date_str[4:6]))
if e_month is None:
return 1
e_day = e_month.find(".//day[@value='{}']".format(date_str[6:]))
if e_day is None:
return 2
return e_day
def parseSpecificDateElement(self, date_str):
e_date = self.getSpecificDateElement(date_str)
if isinstance(e_date, int):
print("未找到这一天的数据！")
return None
parse_dict = dict()
for child_node in list(e_date):
print(child_node.tag)
if child_node.tag == 'expenses':
e_expenses = e_date.find(".//expenses")
expenses_list = [self.parseExpense(e_expense) for e_expense in list(e_expenses)]
parse_dict['expenses'] = expenses_list
elif child_node.tag == 'incomes':
e_incomes = e_date.find(".//incomes")
incomes_list = [self.parseIncome(e_income) for e_income in list(e_incomes)]
parse_dict['incomes'] = incomes_list
elif child_node.tag == 'movements':
e_movements = e_date.find(".//movements")
movements_list = [self.parseMovement(e_movement) for e_movement in list(e_movements)]
parse_dict['movements'] = movements_list
elif child_node.tag == 'variation':
e_variation = e_date.find(".//variation")
variation_list = [self.parseVariation(e_fund) for e_fund in list(e_variation)]
parse_dict['variation'] = variation_list
else:
print("未知类型的节点名")
return parse_dict
def parseExpense(self, e_expense):
expense_dict = {
'necessity': True if (e_expense.attrib['necessity'].lower() == 'true') else False,
'value': float(e_expense.find('.//value').text),
'category': int(e_expense.find('.//category').text),
'detail': e_expense.find('.//detail').text,
'describe': e_expense.find('.//describe').text,
'from': int(e_expense.find('.//from').text),
'associatedFund': int(e_expense.attrib['associatedFund']) if (
('associatedFund' in e_expense.attrib) and e_expense.attrib['associatedFund'] != 'None') else None
}
return expense_dict
def parseIncome(self, e_income):
pass
def parseMovement(self, e_movement):
pass
def parseVariation(self, e_fund):
pass
2. 编辑账本界面-新增行
2.1 功能详述
在选择文件或不同的日期后，解析xml文件中对应日期的收支记录，将其展示在QTableWidget中。此外，表格中最后一列增加两种操作控件：
- 对于已存在记录的行：包含修改、删除按钮；
- 对于空白行：包含新增按钮。点击新增后，该行变成已存在记录的行，故而操作控件也相应地变化，同时表格再新增一行空白行
2.2 代码实现
def responseSelectedDateChanging(self):
if not self.lineEdit_file_path.text():
print("还未选择文件！")
return
self.file_processor = AccountBookXMLProcessor(self.lineEdit_file_path.text())
self.file_parse_result = self.file_processor.parseSpecificDateElement(self.dateEdit.text().replace('/', ''))
print(self.file_parse_result)
if self.file_parse_result is None:
self.file_parse_result = {}
if 'expenses' not in self.file_parse_result:
self.file_parse_result['expenses'] = []
if 'incomes' not in self.file_parse_result:
self.file_parse_result['incomes'] = []
if 'movements' not in self.file_parse_result:
self.file_parse_result['movements'] = []
if 'variation' not in self.file_parse_result:
self.file_parse_result['variation'] = []
self.updateExpenseTable(self.file_parse_result['expenses'])
self.updateIncomeTable(self.file_parse_result['incomes'])
self.updateMovementTable(self.file_parse_result['movements'])
def updateExpenseTable(self, expenses_list):
self.tableWidget_expense.setRowCount(0)
self.tableWidget_expense.setRowCount(len(expenses_list)+1)
current_row = 0
for expense_dict in expenses_list:
self.tableWidget_expense.setItem(current_row, 0, QTableWidgetItem(str(expense_dict['necessity'])))
self.tableWidget_expense.setItem(current_row, 1, QTableWidgetItem(str(expense_dict['value'])))
self.tableWidget_expense.setItem(current_row, 2, QTableWidgetItem(str(expense_dict['category'])))
self.tableWidget_expense.setItem(current_row, 3, QTableWidgetItem(str(expense_dict['detail'])))
self.tableWidget_expense.setItem(current_row, 4, QTableWidgetItem(str(expense_dict['describe'])))
self.tableWidget_expense.setItem(current_row, 5, QTableWidgetItem(str(expense_dict['from'])))
self.tableWidget_expense.setItem(current_row, 6, QTableWidgetItem(str(expense_dict['associatedFund'])))
self.tableWidget_expense.setCellWidget(current_row, 7, self.buttonsForExistRow(self.tableWidget_expense))
current_row += 1
self.tableWidget_expense.setItem(current_row, 4, QTableWidgetItem(' '))
self.tableWidget_expense.setCellWidget(current_row, 7, self.buttonsForNewRow(self.tableWidget_expense))
def updateIncomeTable(self, incomes_list):
pass
def updateMovementTable(self, movements_list):
pass
def buttonsForExistRow(self, tableWidget):
widget = QWidget()
# 更新
updateBtn = QPushButton('更新')
updateBtn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.updateTableRow(tableWidget))
# 删除
deleteBtn = QPushButton('删除')
deleteBtn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.deleteTableRow(tableWidget))
hLayout = QHBoxLayout(widget)
hLayout.addWidget(updateBtn)
hLayout.addWidget(deleteBtn)
hLayout.setContentsMargins(5, 2, 5, 2)
return widget
def buttonsForNewRow(self, tableWidget):
widget = QWidget()
# 新增
newBtn = QPushButton('新增')
newBtn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.newTableRow(newBtn, tableWidget))
hLayout = QHBoxLayout(widget)
hLayout.addWidget(newBtn)
hLayout.setContentsMargins(5, 2, 5, 2)
return widget
def updateTableRow(self, toggledBtn, tableWidget):
pass
def deleteTableRow(self, toggledBtn, tableWidget):
pass
def newTableRow(self, toggledBtn, tableWidget):
print('触发了新增按钮')
# 获取触发信号的控件所在行号
row = tableWidget.indexAt(toggledBtn.parent().pos()).row()
new_data_dict = dict()
if tableWidget == self.tableWidget_expense:
current_column_head = TABLEWIDGET_EXPENSE_COLUMN_HEAD
elif tableWidget == self.tableWidget_income:
current_column_head = TABLEWIDGET_INCOME_COLUMN_HEAD
elif tableWidget == self.tableWidget_movement:
current_column_head = TABLEWIDGET_MOVEMENT_COLUMN_HEAD
else:
print('未知控件触发新增按钮！')
return
# 用新增行数据构建字典
for i in range(tableWidget.columnCount()-1):
new_data_dict[current_column_head[tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(i).text()]] = tableWidget.item(row, i).text()
print(new_data_dict)
# 插入新空行
insert_pos = tableWidget.rowCount()
tableWidget.insertRow(insert_pos)
# 新空行"操作"列初始化按钮
tableWidget.setCellWidget(insert_pos, tableWidget.columnCount()-1, self.buttonsForNewRow(tableWidget))
# 新增行"操作"列初始化按钮
tableWidget.setCellWidget(insert_pos-1, tableWidget.columnCount()-1, self.buttonsForExistRow(tableWidget))
if tableWidget == self.tableWidget_expense:
# 将"描述"字段预置空格
tableWidget.setItem(insert_pos, 4, QTableWidgetItem(' '))
# 用新增行的数据组织文件结构
self.file_processor.organizeExpense(new_data_dict, self.dateEdit.text().replace('/', ''))
elif tableWidget == self.tableWidget_income:
tableWidget.setItem(insert_pos, 3, QTableWidgetItem(' '))
self.file_processor.organizeIncome(new_data_dict, self.dateEdit.text().replace('/', ''))
elif tableWidget == self.tableWidget_movement:
tableWidget.setItem(insert_pos, 2, QTableWidgetItem(' '))
self.file_processor.organizeMovement(new_data_dict, self.dateEdit.text().replace('/', ''))
# 将结果文件暂时存放在工作目录
self.file_processor.writeXMLFile(self.cwd+'\\AccountBookXMLFile.xml')
3. 将新增行写入xml文件
3.1 功能详述
用从编辑账本界面获取的新增行字典，写入xml文件。具体过程如下：
- 判断当前日期是否存在，四种情况：存在年/月/日、只存在年/月、只存在年、均不存在。判断方法：在方法
getSpecificDateElement(date_str)中，通过int型返回值作为标志，再结合方法switch_caseInitStartDate(init_start, date_str)确定日期元素新增起始点，即判断从年/月/日开始新增。 - 根据新增行字典内容，修改各存款账户的余额
- 根据新增行字典内容，新增对应动账记录
- 若收支记录关联了其他存款账户，则同时修改关联账户
3.2 代码实现
def createChildElement(self, e_parent, child_name, child_text, chile_attr=None):
if chile_attr is None:
chile_attr = {}
e_child = et.SubElement(e_parent, child_name, attrib=chile_attr)
e_child.text = child_text
return e_child
def switch_caseInitStartDate(self, init_start, date_str):
# 模拟C++中switch-case控制语句，不使用break的情况
if init_start == 0:
self.createChildElement(self.e_dailyAccountBook, 'year', None, {'value': date_str[:4]})
init_start += 1
if init_start == 1:
e_year = self.e_dailyAccountBook.find(".//year[@value='{}']".format(date_str[:4]))
self.createChildElement(e_year, 'month', None, {'value': date_str[4:6]})
# init_start += 1
# if init_start == 2:
e_year = self.e_dailyAccountBook.find(".//year[@value='{}']".format(date_str[:4]))
e_month = e_year.find(".//month[@value='{}']".format(date_str[4:6]))
e_date = self.createChildElement(e_month, 'day', None, {'value': date_str[6:]})
return e_date
def organizeExpense(self, expense_dict: dict, date_str):
e_date = self.getSpecificDateElement(date_str)
if isinstance(e_date, int):
print("未找到这一天的数据！")
e_date = self.switch_caseInitStartDate(e_date, date_str)
e_expenses = e_date.find(".//expenses") if e_date.find(".//expenses") is not None else self.createChildElement(e_date, 'expenses', None)
e_expense = et.SubElement(e_expenses, 'expense')
self.organizeVariation(expense_dict, e_date)
if 'necessity' in expense_dict:
e_expense.set('necessity', expense_dict['necessity'])
del expense_dict['necessity']
if 'associatedFund' in expense_dict:
e_expense.set('associatedFund', expense_dict['associatedFund'])
del expense_dict['associatedFund']
for key, value in expense_dict.items():
self.createChildElement(e_expense, key, value)
def organizeVariation(self, change_dict, e_date):
e_variation = e_date.find(".//variation") if e_date.find(".//variation") is not None else self.createChildElement(e_date, 'variation', None)
if 'from' in change_dict:
if e_variation.find(".//fund[category='{}']".format(change_dict['from'])) is None:
e_fund = self.createChildElement(e_variation, 'fund', None)
self.createChildElement(e_fund, 'category', change_dict['from'])
self.createChildElement(e_fund, 'out', '0.0')
self.createChildElement(e_fund, 'in', '0.0')
e_fund_variety = e_variation.find(".//fund[category='{}']/out".format(change_dict['from']))
e_fund_variety.text = str((Decimal(e_fund_variety.text) + Decimal(change_dict['value'])).quantize(Decimal('0.00')))
self.modifyBalance(change_dict['from'], Decimal(change_dict['value'])*(-1))
self.organizeAssociatedFund(e_variation, change_dict, 'from')
if 'to' in change_dict:
if e_variation.find(".//fund[category='{}']".format(change_dict['to'])) is None:
e_fund = self.createChildElement(e_variation, 'fund', None)
self.createChildElement(e_fund, 'category', change_dict['to'])
self.createChildElement(e_fund, 'out', '0.0')
self.createChildElement(e_fund, 'in', '0.0')
e_fund_variety = e_variation.find(".//fund[category='{}']/in".format(change_dict['to']))
e_fund_variety.text = str((Decimal(e_fund_variety.text) + Decimal(change_dict['value'])).quantize(Decimal('0.00')))
self.modifyBalance(change_dict['to'], Decimal(change_dict['value']))
self.organizeAssociatedFund(e_variation, change_dict, 'to')
def modifyBalance(self, fund_category, increment_value: Decimal):
"""
Describe:
Args:
fund_category: int or str
存款账户类型
increment_value: Decimal
余额增量，为正或负
"""
e_value = self.e_dailyAccountBook.find(".//balance").find(".//fund[category='{}']".format(fund_category)).find(".//value")
e_value.text = str((Decimal(e_value.text) + increment_value).quantize(Decimal('0.00')))
def organizeAssociatedFund(self, e_variation, change_dict, from_or_to):
print(change_dict['associatedFund'])
if 'associatedFund' in change_dict and change_dict['associatedFund'] != 'None':
print('执行了associatedFund，操作为', from_or_to)
if e_variation.find(".//fund[category='{}']".format(change_dict['associatedFund'])) is None:
e_associated_fund = self.createChildElement(e_variation, 'fund', None)
self.createChildElement(e_associated_fund, 'category', change_dict['associatedFund'])
self.createChildElement(e_associated_fund, 'out', '0.0')
self.createChildElement(e_associated_fund, 'in', '0.0')
if from_or_to == 'from':
e_fund_variety = e_variation.find(".//fund[category='{}']/out".format(change_dict['associatedFund']))
flag = -1
elif from_or_to == 'to':
e_fund_variety = e_variation.find(".//fund[category='{}']/in".format(change_dict['associatedFund']))
flag = 1
else:
print('未知的收支动作！')
return
e_fund_variety.text = str((Decimal(e_fund_variety.text) + Decimal(change_dict['value'])).quantize(Decimal('0.00')))
self.modifyBalance(change_dict['associatedFund'], Decimal(change_dict['value'])*flag)
三、开发总结
1. ElementTree模块基本使用方法
//Element基本构成
<tag attrib1=1>text</tag>tail
<元素名 属性1=1>文本</元素名>尾部
//解析文件
xml_tree = ElementTree.parse("AccountBookFile.xml")
//获取根元素
root = xml_tree.getroot()
//查找子元素：按元素名查找，返回匹配到的第一个元素
//举例：查找root元素的第一个year子元素
//情景含义：找到xml文件的第一个年份的动账记录
year = root.find(".//year")
//查找子元素：按元素名查找，返回所有匹配到的元素
//举例：查找year元素的所有month元素
//情景含义：找到年份中所有月份的动账记录
month_list = year.findall(".//month")
//查找子元素：查找具有特定属性值的子元素
//举例：查找month元素直属子元素中，符合该条件的子元素——具有属性value=10
//情景含义：找到第一个月份中10号日期的动账记录
day = month_list[0].find(".//day[@value='10']")
//查找子元素：查找具有特定子元素值的子元素
//举例：查找variation元素直属子元素中，符合该条件的子元素——包含文本值为0的category子元素
//情景含义：找到10号微信零钱(category=0)的收支总和
variation = day.find(".//variation")
fund = variation.find(".//fund[category='0']")
//查找子元素：查找具有特定属性值，同时有特定子元素值的子元素
//举例：查找expenses元素直属子元素中，符合该条件的子元素——具有属性necessity=True，同时包含文本值为0的category子元素
//情景含义：找到10号基本开支中用于饮食(category=0)的花销记录
expenses = day.find(".//expenses")
expense = expenses.find(".//expense[@necessity='True'][category='0']")
//查找非直属子元素：根据路径查找子元素
//举例：查找root元素下，具有属性value=2023的year元素下，具有属性value=09的month元素下，具有属性value=11的day元素下，所有expenses元素下，包含文本值为1的category子元素的expense元素
//情景含义：找到2023/09/11这一天用于出行(category=1)的花销记录
expense = root.findall(".//year[@value='2023']/month[@value='09']/day[@value='11']/expenses/expense[category='1']")
//创建子元素
//举例：为e_parent元素创建子元素e_child，子元素名(tag)为child_name，子元素属性(attrib)键值对包含在字典attr_dict中，子元素文本值(text)为child_text
e_child = ElementTree.SubElement(e_parent, child_name, attrib=attr_dict)
e_child.text = child_text
//添加子元素
//举例：将现有的e_child元素设置为e_parent元素的子元素
e_parent.append(e_child)
//修改element元素的名称和文本
element.tag = "new_tag"
element.text = "new_text"
//新增或修改element元素中名为key的属性（attrib本质上是字典）
element.attrib[key] = "new_value"
//删除element元素中名为key的属性，并返回对应的值value。若不存在该属性，则返回defalt_value
value = element.attrib.pop(key, defalt_value)
//写入xml文件
xml_tree.write(file_path, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
2. 修改xml文件后，出现原有内容与新增内容格式不一致的情况
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/u012692537/article/details/101395192
通过该函数美化一下，再调用write写入，问题解决
def pretty_xml(element, indent, newline='\n', level=0): # elemnt为传进来的Elment类，参数indent用于缩进，newline用于换行
if element: # 判断element是否有子元素
if (element.text is None) or element.text.isspace(): # 如果element的text没有内容
element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1)
else:
element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1) + element.text.strip() + newline + indent * (level + 1)
# else: # 此处两行如果把注释去掉，Element的text也会另起一行
# element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1) + element.text.strip() + newline + indent * level
temp = list(element) # 将element转成list
for sub_element in temp:
if temp.index(sub_element) < (len(temp) - 1): # 如果不是list的最后一个元素，说明下一个行是同级别元素的起始，缩进应一致
sub_element.tail = newline + indent * (level + 1)
else: # 如果是list的最后一个元素， 说明下一行是母元素的结束，缩进应该少一个
sub_element.tail = newline + indent * level
pretty_xml(sub_element, indent, newline, level=level + 1) # 对子元素进行递归操作
3. QTableWidget单元格内置控件
核心方法：
def setCellWidget(row: int, column: int, widget: QWidget) -> None
获QTableWidget中发出信号的控件所在行号的槽函数：
def get_triggeredObj_pos():
triggeredObj = self.sender() # 获取信号发出者
# 假设层次关系为triggeredObj放在widget中，而widget放在QTableWidget的单元格中
widget = triggeredObj.parent()
table_widget = widget.parent()
row = table_widget.indexAt(widget.pos()).row()
print(f"The row number of the button is {row}")
本文来自博客园，作者：林风冰翼，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/LinfengBingyi/p/17716008.html