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两个视图基类 快速实现publish的5个接口 9个视图子类

2023-12-25 21:55 由 无聊闲作 发表于 #后端开发

1 两个视图基类

# APIView--->之前一直在用---》drf提供的最顶层的父类---》以后所有视图类，都继承自它
# GenericAPIView--》继承自APIView--》封装

1.1 继承APIView+序列化类+Response写接口

urls.py--子路由--app01--urls.py


from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('books/',views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books/<int:pk>/',views.BookDetaiView.as_view())
]

序列化类

serializer.py


from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Book


class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Book
        # 'publish', 'authors'反序列化
        fields=['id','name','price','publish','authors','author_list','publish_detail']
        extra_kwars={
            'publish':{'weite_only':True},
            'authors':{'weite_only':True},
            'author_list':{'read_only':True},
            'publish_detail':{'read_only':True},

        }

表模型

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models


class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)

    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')

    @property
    def publish_detail(self):
        return {'name': self.publish.name, 'city': self.publish.city}

    @property
    def author_list(self):
        l = []
        for author in self.authors.all():
            l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age})
        return l

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    telephone = models.BigIntegerField()
    birthday = models.DateField()
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '出版社'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

视图类

from .serializer import BookSerializer
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from .models import Book
from rest_framework.response import Response
class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        booklist = Book.objects.all()
        ser = BookSerializer(instance=booklist, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)


class BookDetaiView(APIView):
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        ser = BookSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        ser = BookSerializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        return Response('')

1.2 继承GenericAPIView+序列化类+Response写接口

#第二层继承GenericAPIView+序列化类+Response写接口
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
#用的话必须写
    queryset =Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)
class BookDetaiView(GenericAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        obj=self.get_object()#获取单条数据--》内部就是按pk从request中获取，取除pk对应的值，查询
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        obj=self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        self.get_object().delete()
        return Response('')

快速实现publish的5个接口

只需要修改视图类上的两个类属性即可，其他的不用动

urls.py


from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    #path('books/',views.BookView.as_view()),
    #path('books/<int:pk>/',views.BookDetaiView.as_view()),

    path('publish/',views.PublishView.as_view()),
    path('publish/<int:pk>/',views.PublishDetaiView.as_view())
]

views.py

#快速实现publish的5个接口
from .models import Publish
from .serializer import PublishSerializer
class PublishView(GenericAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
#用的话必须写
    queryset =Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        # object_list = self.queryset.all()  # 获取所有要序列化的数据
        #         #1 写成方法的目的--》调用all()
        #         #2 子类可以重写这个方法--》返回什么，待序列化的数据就是什么
        #         object_list = self.get_queryset()  # 获取所有要序列化的数据
        object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类
        # 本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)
class PublishDetaiView(GenericAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        obj=self.get_object()#获取单条数据--》内部就是按pk从request中获取，取除pk对应的值，查询
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        obj=self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        self.get_object().delete()
        return Response('')

serializer.py

class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Publish
        fields = "__all__"

继承GenericAPIView的写法

	-1 在类中，写两个类属性：所有数据，序列化类
        queryset = Book.objects.all()
    	serializer_class = BookSerializer
    -2 获取所有要序列化的数据
    	self.get_queryset()
    -3 获取序列化类
    	self.get_serializer(参数跟之前一样)
    -4 获取单挑
    	self.get_object()

GenericAPIView源码分析

-1 继承了APIView
-2 有些类属性--》目前只记住两个queryset，serializer_class
	queryset        # 要序列化的所有数据
    serializer_class  # 序列化类
    lookup_field = 'pk' # 查询单条，前端传入的参数对应值【pk】，转换器
    filter_backends  # 后续要学的，过滤
    pagination_class # 后续要学的，分页
    
    
    
  -3 有些对象方法
	   -get_queryset： 返回待序列化的数据
    		1 调用 .all 
        	2 在子类中重写，控制要序列化的数据
       -get_serializer： 返回 序列化类  以后用它
    		-本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True) 
             -内部调用了：self.get_serializer_class
             -后期在子类中重写get_serializer_class，返回什么序列化类，以后就以哪个序列化类做序列化
              
                
       - get_serializer_class 它是用来重写的
        def get_serializer_class(self):
            if self.request.method=='GET':
                return '序列化的类'
            else:
                return '反序列化的类'
            
      -get_object 获取单条---》根据它：lookup_field   获取

第三层:继承 GenericAPIView+5个视图扩展类+序列化类+Response

5个视图扩展类(不是视图类--》没有继承APIView及其子类，不能单独用，需要配合GenericAPIView)---》每个分别写的5个接口中得某一个方法


from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \
    DestroyModelMixin
    
    #CreateModelMixin 新增
#ListModelMixin  查询所有
#RetrieveModelMixin  查询单条
#UpdateModelMixin  修改
# DestroyModelMixin  销毁

views.py

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \
    DestroyModelMixin
class BookView(GenericAPIView,CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin):
    # 先配置两个类属性
#用的话必须写
    queryset =Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        # object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据
        # ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类
        # return Response(ser.data)
        return super().list(request)

    def post(self, request):
 # 做保存，加了这一句---》目的是：子类可以重写,增强扩展性
 # self.perform_create(serializer)
        return super().list(request)
class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

9个视图子类

第四层：9个视图子类---》视图类

#CreateModelMixin 新增
#ListModelMixin  查询所有
# ListCreateAPIView 新增+查询所有
#RetrieveModelMixin  查询单条
#UpdateModelMixin  修改
# DestroyModelMixin  销毁
# RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView  查询单条+修改+销毁
# RetrieveDestroyAPIView  查询单条+ 销毁
# RetrieveUpdateAPIView查询单条+修改
# CreateAPIView继承了 GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin，写了post方法
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,ListAPIView,ListCreateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView,UpdateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView


#实现
class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
#用的话必须写
    queryset =Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    
    
class BookDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    
    # 实现新增,查所有和查询一条
# class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
#     # 配置两个类属性
#     queryset = Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = BookSerializer
#
#
# class BookDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
#     queryset = Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = BookSerializer

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