Spring Cloud项目搭建
一、Spring Cloud 简介
Spring cloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具,包括配置管理、服务发现、断路器、路由、微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等。
它运行环境简单,可以在开发人员电脑上运行。另外说明Spring cloud是基于springboot的。
二、创建服务注册中心
在这里我们需要用到的组件Spring cloud Netflix 的Eureka,eureka是一个服务注册和发现模块。
2.1、首先创建一个springboot的maven主工程
在pom文件中引入依赖,spring boot版本为 2.1.1.RELEASE ,spring cloud 版本为 Finchley.RELEASE ,该pom文件作为父pom文件,起到版本依赖控制的作用,其他module工程依赖该pom。具体pom.xml 文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lbh</groupId>
<artifactId>eurekademo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>EurekaDemo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<modules>
<module>eureka-server</module>
<module>eureka-client</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.2 创建两个module工程:eureka-server 作为服务注册中心, eureka-client 作为客户端
右键工程–new–Module – 选择 Spring initialir,与创建boot工程类似。
选择cloud discovery->eureka server。pom.xml 文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.lbh</groupId>
<artifactId>eurekademo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.lbh</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
2.3 启动一个服务注册中心 只需要一个注解@EnableEurekaServer,这个注解需要在springboot工程的启动application类上加:
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("=======================eureka-server 启动成功=======================");
}
}
2.4、 eureka是一个高可用的组件,它没有后端缓存,每一个实例注册之后需要向注册中心发送心跳(因此可以在内存中完成),在默认情况下erureka server也是一个eureka client ,必须要指定一个 server。eureka server的配置文件appication.yml:
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server
通过eureka.client.registerWithEureka:false和fetchRegistry:false来表明自己是一个eureka server.
2.5、 eureka server 是有界面的,启动工程,打开浏览器访问: http://localhost:8761
三、创建一个服务提供者 (eureka-client)
当client向server注册时,它会提供一些元数据,例如主机和端口,URL,主页等。Eureka server 从每个client实例接收心跳消息。 如果心跳超时,则通常将该实例从注册server中删除。
创建过程同server类似,创建完pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.lbh</groupId>
<artifactId>eurekademo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.lbh</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-client</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
通过注解@EnableEurekaClient 表明自己是一个eurekaclient.
@RestController
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaClientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("====================eureka-client 启动成功=======================");
}
@Value("${server.port}")
String port;
@RequestMapping("/hi")
public String home(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "lbh") String name) {
return "hi " + name + " ,i am from port:" + port;
}
}
仅仅@EnableEurekaClient是不够的,还需要在配置文件中注明自己的服务注册中心的地址,application.yml配置文件如下:
server:
port: 8762
spring:
application:
name: eureka-client
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
需要指明 spring.application.name,这个很重要,这在以后的服务与服务之间相互调用一般都是根据这个name 。 启动工程,打开http://localhost:8761 ,即eureka server 的网址:
你会发现一个服务已经注册在服务中了,服务名为SERVICE-HI ,端口为7862这时打开 http://localhost:8762/hi?name=lbh, 你会在浏览器上看到 :